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Eudamidas I (Greek language: Εὐδαμίδας) was king between 331 and 300 BC. He succeeded his brother Agis III, who died at the battle of Megalopolis against Macedonia. Eudamidas' reign was therefore peaceful as Sparta recovered from this disaster. He even refused to join the other Greek states in the Lamian War in 323, and was later noted for his interest in philosophy—peculiar for a Spartan king.
Archidamus had two other sons beside Eudamidas; the eldest was king Agis III () and the third one was Agesilaus. Considering the prestige of the latter's name, it has been suggested that he was the second son and Eudamidas the youngest. It would therefore means that Agesilaus died in 331 together with Agis III at the Battle of Megalopolis, which prompted Eudamidas' accession to the throne.McQueen, "The Eurypontid House", p. 164.
Eudamidas' reign was peaceful and uneventful.Thomas, "On the Role of the Spartan Kings", p. 258, even calls him a "weak king". In 323, he notably refused to join other Greek states in their Lamian War, which dominated Greece since the Battle of Chaeronea in 338, but was shaken by the death of Alexander the Great.David, Sparta between Empire and Revolution, p. 116. Sparta at the time was still recovering from its disastrous defeat at Megalopolis in 331, after which Macedonia additionally kept 50 Spartan hostages.Cartledge, Hellenistic and Roman Sparta, p. 22. Moreover, the Greek coalition was led by Classical Athens, which had refused to join Agis III in 331, and counted Sparta's bitter enemies Argos and Messene.Cartledge, Hellenistic and Roman Sparta, p. 23.Kralli, The Hellenistic Peloponnese, p. 86. During his reign, perhaps at the occasion of the raid of Cassander (the Macedonian regent) to Messenia in 317, Sparta built its first city-wall, while it had hitherto relied on its military might to fend-off enemies.David, Sparta between Empire and Revolution, pp. 116, 124. Although the wall was merely a palisade, it shows that Sparta's power had seriously waned at the end of the fourth century.Cartledge, Hellenistic and Roman Sparta, p. 24. Eudamidas might nevertheless have passively resisted against Macedonia, as in 314 he let Antigonos Monophtalmos recruit mercenaries at Cape Matapan (within Spartan territory) in order to wage war against Cassander.Cloché, "La politique extérieure de Lacédémone", p. 222.Shipley, Hellenistic Peloponnese, p. 48.
Eudamidas visited Athens when Xenocrates was the head of the Academy (between 339 and 314). The reason of his visit was probably diplomacy, but Plutarch reports that Eudamidas actually discussed philosophy with Xenocrates there, a stark contrast from the military role hitherto assumed by the Spartan kings.McQueen, "Some notes", pp. 57, 58; "The Eurypontid House", p. 165.
Eudamidas' date of death is not known. He was presumably still alive in 302, because Diodorus Siculus does not mention his death in his list of royal deaths for this year. As his book is fragmentary after this date, Eudamidas' death must have been mentioned in one of the text's subsequent lacunae.McQueen, "The Eurypontid House", p. 165 (note 12). He was certainly dead by 294, when his son Archidamus IV is mentioned as king. Scholars usually place his death between c.302 and c.300.McQueen, "The Eurypontid House", p. 181.Cartledge, Hellenistic and Roman Sparta, p. 27.
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